History Final Study Guide

11^th Grade Final Exam Study Guide

Chapter 1: Three Worlds Meet

People

Leif Erikson

Queen Isabella/King Ferdinand

Prince Henry “The Navigator”

Columbus

Taino

Aztecs

Cortes

Amerigo Vespucci

Balboa

Coronado

Ponce de Leon

De Soto

Cartier

Cabot

Hudson

Bering

Ribault

Map

Iberian Peninsula

Bering Straight

Bahamas (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti)

Dates

1492 (3 events in Spain)

22,000 years ago (in the Americas)

10,000-5,000 years ago (in the Americas)

3,000 years ago (in the Americas)

Concepts

Triangular trade route

Columbian Exchange

Cosmogony

Treaty of Tordesillas

Castas

Mestizo

Motives/Roots of Exploration

Renaissance

Crusades

Protestant Reformation

Technological advances

Rise of the merchant class/urban life

Chapter 2: The American Colonies Emerge

People

Anglicans

Puritan separatists

Quakers

Anne Hutchinson

John Smith

John Winthrop

Pocahontas

Powhatan

Roger Williams

William Penn

William Bradford

Map

Chesapeake Bay

Jamestown

Massachusetts Bay Colony

New Netherland

Plymouth

13 Colonies (Names and locations)

3 colonial regions (Which colonies are in each?)

Dates

Jamestown settled 1607

Plymouth Plantation 1620

Events

Bacon’s Rebellion

Pequot War

King Philip’s War (Metacom)

Concepts

“Model of Christian Charity” (Explain the “City Upon a Hill” concept.)

 “Starving Time” at Jamestown

First African laborers

Indentured servants

Headright System

Virginia Company

Chapter 3:The Colonies Come of Age

People

King Charles II

King James II

Sir Edmund Andros

William and Mary

Jonathan Edwards

Benjamin Franklin

George Washington

Map

New France

Ohio Valley

Appalachian Mountains

Ohio River

Mississippi River

Date

French and Indian War (1756-1763)

 

Events

Glorious Revolution

The Great Awakening

Enlightenment

French and Indian War

George Washington at Fort Necessity, Fort Duquesne

Concepts

Mercantilism (How does it define wealth? How should a government promote a nation’s wealth? What role do colonies play in accumulating wealth?)

Navigation Acts

Dominion of New England

Salutary neglect

Cash crop

Triangular Trade

Middle Passage

Slave resistance and coping strategies

Compare and contrast Southern and Northern colonial culture

Proclamation of 1763

Sugar Act

Chapters 4: The War for Independence

People

George Washington

John Adams

Abigail Adams

Samuel Adams

John Hancock

King George III

Paul Revere, William Dawes, Samuel Prescott

Minutemen

Thomas Paine

Friedrich von Steuben

Marquis de Lafayette

Charles Cornwallis

John Locke

Dates

American Revolution (1775-1781)

Declaration of Independence (1776)

 

Events

Boston “Massacre”

Boston Tea Party

Concord & Lexington

Battle of Bunker Hill

Trenton

Saratoga

Loyalists/patriots (motivations for selecting sides)

Valley Forge

Yorktown

Concepts

Stamp Act

Declaratory Act

Townshend Acts

Committees of Correspondence

Intolerable Acts

Second Continental Congress (accomplishments)

Common Sense

Olive Branch Petition

Declaration of Independence

Social contract

Treaty of Paris

Chapter 5: Shaping a New Nation

People

George Washington

James Madison

Thomas Jefferson

Alexander Hamilton

Benjamin Franklin

Roger Sherman

Federalists

Antifederalists

Concepts

Separation of powers (3 branches and bicameral congress)

Checks and balances

Liberty (freedom + security)

Human predicament cycle

Articles of Confederation (Why were they insufficient?)

Sovereignty

Slave Trade Compromise

Great Compromise

Three-Fifths Compromise

Federalism

Ratification

Bill of Rights

Essay Questions

1. In what ways was mercantilism responsible for the American Revolution?
2. What were the unique accomplishments and failures of the American Revolution and Founding? Consider ways in which the American Revolution was evolutionary. Compare and contrast with the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.
3. How is “The Declaration of Independence” a liberal document and “The Constitution” a conservative document?  How does their partnership establish liberty?

Culture of Liberty Writing Assignment & Final Exam

Please prepare an essay to enter in the Being An American Essay Contest (http://www.billofrightsinstitute.org/Contest).  Not only is this an opportunity to win a little money ($1000), but it is also an opportunity to prepare to be an educated citizen as you enter college.

1. For class, format your essay using MLA guidelines.
2. Your essay should be 750-1000 words in length.  Please indicate the word count in the heading of your paper.
3. Please use the student resource page (http://www.billofrightsinstitute.org/page.aspx?pid=1198) to access the Founding Principles List, the scoring rubric, and daily news headlines link.  To see samples of winning papers from previous contests, please use the following link (http://blog.billofrightsinstitute.org/2011/03/meet-the-being-an-american-essay-contest-winners/).
   
4. In addition to using primary source documents considered in class, you will need to research some of your own.  Please include an MLA formatted Works Cited Page following your essay.
5. Your essay will be graded using two rubrics: the contest rubric which focuses on your ideas and the six traits rubric which focuses on your writing. Please have multiple people review your writing and use their feedback to improve before turning in the assignment. This assignment is worth 200 points.
6. On the day of the final exam, you will be presenting your writing to your peers.  Please prepare to read aloud1-2 of your strongest paragraphs from the essay.
7. Because these essays are being submitted for a contest, they must be flawless in terms of editing.Your essay must be submitted to the contest before the day of your language arts final exam.
   

Short Stories by Nathaniel Hawthorne

"Young Goodman Brown" link

"Rappaccini's Daughter" link

Voter Education Service Learning Project

Introduction

For this assignment, you will be serving the city in which you live by helping educate registered voters about upcoming general elections.  In order to educate others, you will first need to educate yourself.  This project will be completed in three steps: Research, Educate Others, Reflect.

The reflection paper for this project is due on Tuesday, October 25 (the day after we return from Fall Break).  Please submit your reflection paper by Googledocs.

Research

Research the following information.   Take notes to help you as you prepare to educate voters about the upcoming elections.

A.      Find your parent/guardian’s voting precinct, voting location, and voting times.

B.      What issues have been recently debated by the city council and/or by candidates? You should look for specific issues in the following areas:

a.       Taxes

b.      Zoning

c.       Services (waste, utilities, parks and recreation, snow removal, education, etc.)

d.      Safety & Law Enforcement

e.      Local ordinances (noise, loitering, etc.)

C.      Select a specific race and learn about both candidates.  Do two of the following to learn about the candidates:

a.       Conduct a brief phone interview of both candidates

b.      Talk to the candidates’ election committees

c.       Review brochures

d.      View the candidates’ websites

D.      Briefly compare and contrast the stances of both candidates on one of the major issues.

E.       Identify reasons people give for not voting

F.       Identify reasons people give for voting

Educate Others

You will first practice your presentation with your own parent(s)/guardian(s). With your parent, complete the steps below.  Then have your parent approve the list of adults you plan to visit/educate.

List Interviewees Below (Must be of voting age, live in the same voting precinct as you, and be from 5 different households)

Name                                                                              Phone Number                              Initials

__________________________________                     ________________________   _____
__________________________________                     ________________________   _____
__________________________________                     ________________________   _____
__________________________________                     ________________________   _____
__________________________________                     ________________________   _____

Parent Signature____________________________________________

During the Interview:

1.       Before sharing information with your interviewee, ask these survey questions.  Write down the answers to these questions.  Simple yes/no answers are acceptable.  If the interviewees wants to provide additional comments, write down a very brief summary of the comments.  After the interview, RECORD the responses to the survey questions in the class Googledoc spreadsheet.

1.       Do you know where to vote during the upcoming city election?

2.       Do you know what day to vote during the upcoming city election?

3.       Are you going to vote in the upcoming city election?

4.       Do you know the candidates for the upcoming city election?

2.       Educate your interviewee by doing several of the following:

1.       Share some statistics about how many people attend city elections.

2.       Share some statistics about the number of votes separating the winners from the losers in recent city elections.

3.       Discuss some of the ways city governments influence our day-to-day lives.

4.       Discuss the specific issues for your city that you researched.

5.       Share what you have learned about the candidates for the specific race you investigated.

6.       Give your interviewee a handout indicating where he/she can find more information about candidates and city issues.

Reflect

Write a reflection paper on your experience.  Your reflection should be 300-400 words and in MLA format.

1.       What was your first impression of the candidates? Which candidate would you vote for and why?

2.       Do you think the issues the candidates are dealing with are even important?

3.       What did you learn about people of voting age?

4.       How do you think this project will influence you when you turn 18 and can vote?

a.       Is voter apathy a problem?

b.      Does voting make a difference?

c.       Are there other reasons to vote besides changing the outcome of an election?

cosmogony

Gruff

by Bradley

    It all started with a person named Gruff. He saw that there was nothing so he decided to make something so he wouldn’t be bored.
    He didn’t know how to make water though. So he cried because he couldn’t make water and also because of his boredom. Then he stopped crying and saw that his tears had made water. He decided to call this water Ocean.

He was satisfied with the Ocean for a while then became weary of it. “How can I make this better?” he thought. So he decided to make creatures to inhabit the water. He named these creatures fish.

He was satisfied of his achievements for a short period of time, but quickly got bored. So he came to the conclusion that he should make creatures that lived out of the water. “How would they survive?” he asked himself. Then, he decided to give these creatures wings and he called them birds. “They have no place to rest,” decided Gruff. So he decided to make land.

These creatures couldn’t see, so he made a bright light, which was called day and lesser lights, which were the moon and her stars.

He was satisfied for awhile. Then he got lonely so he decided to create a woman to inhabit the land. After she was created he saw that she had no food for nourishment. So he created the trees that bear fruit and animals with their meat and every other thing that the women would need to survive.

He saw what he accomplished and was pleased. Then he saw that the women was lonely so he went down from the sky to join her and they became the mother and father of all children.

Cosmology

by Camille

            From whence we came is but a silly question. We humans have always been here on Earth. However, our country is rather new as our country is only 5,000 years old. Older countries have been around for tens if not hundreds of thousands of years. There are a few countries that are still around from a million years ago.

The Earth and the Sun are too big to be formed by hands, so it must be that they were always here too. The Sun is probably just a shiny large rock and the moon looks like a rock when it is all there. Rocks are solid masses that according to its kind are different like the Earth verses the Sun verses the Moon verses the stars. The Sun and Moon dance around the Earth taking turns of exhibiting their light so the other can rest while they recuperate from a tiring work day.

The land and water compete in a battle dance for control over the earth, while humans settle for being the intermediaries being both on land and water. Our animals that are here tend to be complacent with their lot in life while others are temperamental with our liability as humans to eat them. Plants start growing after seeds are planted and to get seeds, they must come from a plant so it is impossible to say if the tree or seed came first if there ever was a first (like the chicken or the egg dilemma.)

There was no beginning and so there is no end like a circle in a way. That is why it is called the circle of life. Earth is the living circle among the heavens.

My Cosmogony

by Vanessa

The Royal Tsar was birthed through the sand particles of diamond dust from a star. It was when he was in existence for 1,000 hours he finally came to his senses and began to think critically. He concluded that he desired to teach a being similar to him his ways of critical thinking, and so he created Socrates. The two chatted for decades, eventually crafting the Socratic Method. Afterward they realized that they couldn’t just float forever, so together with their critical thinking skills they created the earth based on Truth, Honor, and Virtue. They also fabricated five males and five females.

The Royal Tsar elected to make himself the God of this new world, with Socrates as an angel who would watch over and live with these 10 immortals. Only these ten would be granted the gift of everlasting life. Among them was one Karl G. Maeser, who became their leader. Maeser led the people through times of brain freezes and blonde moments. They were fortunate to have him but did not recognize it, and eventually went their own ways after a major political dispute.

Millenniums later, the immortals still wander in seclusion today. Some try to blend in with today’s society, some hide out in the Alps, and some still commit their knowledge to do some actual good in the world. But wherever they are, they each regret leaving their father figure, Karl G. Maeser.  And that was how the world was fashioned.

Three Worlds Collide Test Study Guide

People

Leif Ericson

Queen Isabella

King Ferdinand

Prince Henry “The Navigator”

Columbus

Taino

Aztecs

Cortes

Amerigo Vespucci

Balboa

Coronado

Ponce de Leon

De Soto

Cartier

Cabot

Hudson

Bering

Ribault

Places

Iberian Peninsula

Bering Straight

Bahamas (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti)

Dates

1492 (3 events in Spain)

22,000 years ago (in the Americas)

10,000-5,000 years ago (in the Americas)

3,000 years ago (in the Americas)

Concepts

Triangular trade route

Columbian Exchange

Cosmogony

Treaty of Tordesillas

Castas

Mestizo

Mercantilism

Motives/Roots of Exploration

Renaissance

Crusades

Protestant Reformation

Technological advances

Rise of the merchant class/urban life

Short Essays

1)      What do the cosmogonies studied in class reveal about the worldviews of Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans?  How do they foreshadow the cultural clashes that would follow in history?

2)      How did Spanish colonization impact Native Americans? What were some of the motives of the European colonizers? Use evidence from the movie The Mission to support your responses.

The Creation

by Chelsey

    Once there were millions and millions of blank pieces of paper. There was nothing in the universe, so naturally nothing could be written on them. God was up in heaven gazing sullenly at the paper, and realized that something had to be done. He did what any smart guy would do, and asked his wife. So it was that she made ink, graphite and lead. From these three elements she was able to form pens and pencils.
    God’s wife grabbed five of her children and each was able to write on a page of the paper. The first wrote of the planet, Earth, and of the land and waters. The second wrote of grass, trees, and other nature. The third wrote of animals, both in the ocean and on land. The fourth wrote of berries, fruits, and other natural foods. The fifth wrote of the sun, stars and moon surrounding the Earth.
    God and his wife had two more children, however, and they were unhappy that they weren’t able to participate. The first one thrust two of the other children down to Earth so that they would be stuck there forever. The other child stole some blank pages and wrote of natural disasters and horrible creatures that were vicious and cruel. He wrote of trials and tribulations for his brother and sister.
    The two were proud of what they had done, and told God what a horrible accident it was, and they were sorry to have lost their siblings. God was furious, and blamed his sons and wife for what had occurred, but his wife had an idea. She proposed the idea of letting them live on Earth, but still being able to communicate with them. God agreed and talked with his children of this plan.
    God wrote his two Earth children to become mortal, and to create more children to fill the Earth with their posterity. After a few hundred years they began to miss their children and wished to see them again. So it was that God wrote of death, not as a trial, but merely as a passageway back to heaven. Whenever he missed his children he would write of death upon their name, and the child would return to heaven.

The Game of Everything

by Tage

    Things began.... How they did our minds cannot comprehend for we can only understand things through what we have understood. But there was nothing in the started startless infinity but The Great Presence. It knows of all the was and there was nothing, It knew it could make the rules and laws and twist them to its will, It was all and started with itself and selves for it was many but it was one, and it was nothing.
    It decided that it would do things for they wished to do things and the created the all and did everything.... Then ,after nothing was all that was left of everything, it decided to play a game. The rules are the laws that govern this universe we live in and that it can’t know that all is itself. So it spilt its self into countless minds and caused them to forget then it set the started point, a point of space the held a everything. A ultimate game board that would explode and create all available space for the players. And when everything was ready it began.
    It took time for the players to appear but appear they did and they evolved and changed and lived and died and adapted, and now after a timeless eternity that tics like a clock we became what we are now. We play the game and fallow the rules that guide our everything trying to understand what we are and what to do. rolling dice and and learning shortcuts in the game without rules. and one day we will return to the Great Presence with the all inside our minds after the board is done we will play a new game......

How the World Was Created

by Joseph

           In the palace in the swirling night sky a very long time ago lived a mighty man, his wife, and his beautiful twin daughters. One day, the daughters Lukisha and Solaka grew bored of their life with only each other and their parents to play with, so they went to their father and asked for dolls to play with. They wanted powerful men and beautiful women, wise elders, and little children. Their father, a master craftsmen created these dolls. They were so lifelike in the imagination of Lukisha and Solaka they were real and they could talk and walk. Their mother, wise in the ways of magic poured life, feeling and emotion into the dolls, hoping to delight the two girls. The girls called them "Man" and kept them in a special pen.
           Years passed. The elders of mankind grew old and died, the beautiful women and powerful men grew old and became elders, the children became the beautiful men and women, and more children were made by their father periodically. While the cycle changed the face of man in their pen, it also changed the beautiful twins. Lukisha grew hair as black and as long as the wing of an eagle. Solaka stayed light skinned and fair and as equally stunning in beauty. While they were both beautiful, they grew apart in personality. Lukisha became closed, dark, and unhappy with her simple life with her loving parents. Solaka was ever happy, shiny, and open. However, the two girls were still united in their passion for Man. However, Man was unhappy in living such a boring life in their pen.
           Solaka could not bear the thought of her precious beings being unhappy, so she asked her parents if they could create a larger pen for their precious beings. Her father and mother had grown aged and feeble and had lost their touch in the arts of building and magic. "
           Solaka," said her father, "you and Lukisha know your little beings best and together you can create the most perfect land for your beings."
           So Solaka and Lukisha met together to discuss the ideal world for their beings. "It should be dark and cold to make sure that Man will never forget us," Lukisha insisted. "But they glory in the warmth and light," Solaka insisted. In the end, neither Solaka or Lukisha could compromise and Man suffered. Solaka and Lukisha's father slowly withered away to where the children he made for man were flawed, calloused, imperfect. Their mother could no longer perform the complex magical spells. Because of this, Man had to eat and drink and do other inconveniences that they did not have to do earlier. Man made many pleas for Solaka and Lukisha to compromise. In the end, the pleadings of Man won.
           Eventually Solaka conjured  a cold, but white landscape of ice, and Lukisha made a dark roaring sea. Solaka made day to warm up the cold landscape. Lukisha created night to keep the balance. Solaka made the stars to light up the darkest of nights. Lukisha made the storm, to dampen the day.  Solaka made the fish of the sea, the eagle and the majestic walrus to provide food and supplies for the people. Not to be out done, Lukisha made the whale, sled dog for transportation and the mighty polar bear to keep a little bit of control over the creation of Solaka.. But the girls still quarreled after creating the perfect environment on who had control of Man. They finally settled on 12 months of the year: Three when Lukisha would have control, and night would prevail  three when Solaka would be ruler and there would be no night and in between these times, Lukisha and Solaka would share the time. They created a window from their palace in the sky so they could keep watch and still take care of their ailing parents. Solaka's face can be seen every day in the window, moving east to west to check on her people. And at night Lukisha's white face can be seen in the sky silently governing the people below. In fact the descendents still call when the northern lights dance across the window to the Kingdom of the Sky,  they call it Solaka's scarves, and when the winds howl and the show rides the gusts across the land, Man's descendents call it Lukisha's dance.
           Over the years, Man's descendents figured out how to make igloos to stay warm, boats to conquer the water, and how to cultivate their gifts from the heavens. But they still remember Lukisha and Solaka, the benevolent creators of their world.

The Coon Cosmogony

by McKinzie

    Once, many years ago, there lived a wild pack of Raccoons. They ran all day amongst the stars playing, and running, and racing, until one day as they were traveling they came across a lone Woodchuck who existed only to eat all the stars in the heavens. Surrounding the Woodchuck was a huge expanse of empty space where the Woodchuck had eaten all of the stars. The Raccoons disheveled by the emptiness, as they could not cross the empty space with no stars to step on, and they could not simply make more stars because they would only be eaten again. And so, a young Raccoon and an old Raccoon determined together to create a series of planets that they could use to cross the heavens, but that were too big for the Woodchuck to swallow. They liked the new planets so much that they spread them all over the universe so they would never again have to worry about empty spaces.
    They crossed over all the planets they had created, and passed from one planet some of its dust and dirt and colors, to all of the others. The more they crossed each planet, the more beautiful they became. Soon sounds, sights, and feelings were spreading across the galaxy until certain planets became so great that they could only exist to have been home to some creature.
    And so the next time a Raccoon ran over one of these most beautiful planets, the touch of its paw created life. When the raccoon that did this saw what had happened he was surprised. The Raccoons then realized that they couldn’t cross these most beautiful planets anymore or they would crush all the life that they had created. So they marked that part of the heavens off with a sun so they would know even from far away not to cross that part of the stars.
    And the Raccoons called these spaces with life, where they could not run, Earths, just as they called their burrows in the heavens.
    The Woodchuck was then left to eat stars undisturbed. And he still swallows them today, unnoticed by the Raccoons, who, now without worry, have eyes only for the planets which they have created. But the life upon their Earths have eyes for all, and still feel it every time the Raccoons run too close and shake the Earth, and see it every time the Woodchuck dines and a star disappears.

Exploration Storytelling Project

The exploration of the Americas includes some of the best stories from history.  Your job is to learn the story of one of the explorers and tell it in a way that would be fun and interesting to your peers.  You can choose the mode of storytelling—consider one of the following:

• A children’s picture book
• A comic book chapter
• A short video
• A one-act play
• A song (lyrics and music)
• A travel journal
• A collection of “lost letters”
• A story in the style of another author
• A documentary told through pictures
• A poem

On the due date, you will present your story to the class.  You will also submit a typed report (using Googledocs) responding to the following questions:

1.      What were the motives behind the exploration? Economic motives? Political motives? Social motives? Religious motives?

2.      What areas were explored/discovered?

3.      How did the exploration impact either Native Americans or Africans?  Which specific groups were affected?  (Consider impact in terms of economics, society, politics, religion, and culture.)

4.      What was the explorer’s legacy?

5.      What were some fun facts you discovered about your explorer?

The last page of your report should be a Works Cited page, using MLA guidelines.  You must use at least one primary source and one secondary source.

You may present on any one of the following explorers (Note that the indicated country is the sponsor of exploration, not necessarily the nation of origin.):

• Henry “The Navigator” (Portugal)
• Coronado (Spain)
• Ponce de Leon (Spain)
• Balboa (Spain)
• De Soto (Spain)
• Pedro Menéndez de Avilés (Spain)
• Jacques Cartier (France)
• Jean Ribault (France)
• Henry Hudson (Netherlands)
• Amerigo Vespucci (Italy)
• John Cabot (England)
• Vitus Bering (Russia)
• Leif Ericson (Norway)
• Zheng He (China)

Benjamin Franklin: Virtues Project

Part I: Your Own Virtues List

In his autobiography, Benjamin Franklin describes his self-improvement program for helping himself progress towards moral perfection. Franklin felt it was more useful to have a longer list of very specific virtues rather than a shorter list of broad, vague virtues. His list included 13 virtues. Your assignment is to critically examine his list. Which virtues has he omitted that are important to you? Which virtues has he included which are not terribly important to you? Create your own list of specific virtues for a person living in the 21^st century. For each virtue, briefly give a description of the virtue following Franklin’s model. Your final list should include at least 10 virtues.

*Extra miler—Franklin sequenced his list in the order he felt the virtues would most naturally build on one another. Can you do the same with your own list? Why would you start with the first virtue? How does the next virtue build on the previous virtue?

Part II: Personal Virtue Log

Franklin believed that focusing on one virtue each week would gradually help him to incorporate these virtues into his character. For this assignment, you are asked to focus on charting your progress on one of these virtues for one week. Please make a chart following Franklin’s model and use it to mark each time you fail to follow your selected virtue.

Part III: Reflection

Type a written reflection on your experiences with this project. You may wish to answer some of the following questions:

1. What did you learn or realize from creating your own values list?
2. What progress did you make in incorporating your selected virtue into your own character?
3. How permanent do you think any changes will be for you? Why?
4. What made living by the virtue difficult?
5. Do you think self-improvement plans work? Why?

Your reflection should be 250-300 words. Remember to use MLA formatting.

Due Date: Sept. 6

100 Points